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General poisoning notes:Entire-leaved groundsel (Senecio integerrimus) is a native herb found through parts of western Canada in the prairies, parklands, and parts of the Rocky Mountains. This plant has caused experimentally chronic poisoning of cattle and horses. Ingesting the plant material over long periods causes irreversible liver damage in animals. This plant grows when other forage is abundant so that it is not a a toxic threat unless forage is scarce or the plant is abundant in an area to be cut for hay (Clawson 1933). References:Clawson, A. B. 1933. The American groundsels species of Senecio as stock poisoning plants. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 28: 105-110. Nomenclature:
Scientific Name: Senecio integerrimus Nutt. Vernacular name(s): entire-leaved groundsel Scientific family name: Compositae Vernacular family name: composite References:Agriculture Quebec. 1975. Noms des maladies des plantes du Canada/ Names of plant diseases in Canada. , Quebec City, Que., Canada. 288 pp. Alex, J. F., Cayouette, R., Mulligan, G. A. 1980. Common and botanical names of weeds in Canada/Noms populaire et scientifiques des plantes nuisibles du Canada. Revised. Agric. Can. Publ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada. 132 pp. Bailey, L. H., Bailey, E. Z. 1976. Hortus third. Revised. MacMillan, New York, N.Y., USA. 1290 pp. Scoggan, H. J. 1978, 1979. The flora of Canada. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci. (Ottawa) Publ. Bot. 7(1)-7(4). 1711 pp. Van Wijk, H. L. 1911. A dictionary of plant names. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, The Netherlands. 1444 pp. Victorin, M. 1964. Flore Laurentienne. 2nd ed. Univ. Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada. 952 pp. Geographic Information
Alberta References:Bailey, L. H., Bailey, E. Z. 1976. Hortus third. Revised. MacMillan, New York, N.Y., USA. 1290 pp. Boivin, B. 1966, 1967. Énumération des plantes du Canada. Provencheria 6. Nat. Can. (Que.) 93: 253-274; 371-437; 583-646; 989-1063. 94: 131-157; 471-528; 625-655. Notes on Poisonous plant parts:Ingesting the aboveground parts caused poisoning of cattle and horses in experiments. Two cows died after ingesting 92.3 and 135% of their body weight in green plants. A horse fed plants equal to 156% of its body weight (in 81 days) died. A horse fed 76% of its body weight (in 79 days) suffered liver damage. Sheep fed 4.5 kg of green plant material for 28 days showed no symptoms. Liver damage results from ingesting this plant material but takes a long time to develop (Clawson 1933). Toxic parts:all parts References:
Clawson, A. B. 1933. The American groundsels species of Senecio as stock poisoning plants. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 28: 105-110. Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA. 626 pp. Notes on Toxic plant chemicals:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are found in other toxic members of the genus Senecio and are probably the chemicals responsible for cases of poisoning found in experiments. Toxic plant chemicals:unknown chemical References:Clawson, A. B. 1933. The American groundsels species of Senecio as stock poisoning plants. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 28: 105-110. Animals/Human Poisoning:Note: When an animal is listed without additional information, the literature (as of 1993) contained no detailed explanation. CattleGeneral symptoms of poisoning:deathdepression icterus liver, cirrhosis of restlessness weakness weight loss Notes on poisoning: Experimental ingestion of plant material caused poisoning and death in cattle. Symptoms are similar to poisoning by other members of the genus Senecio, with liver damage causing many of the symptoms. Signs included depression, a peculiar sweet odor from the skin, yellowish discoloration of mucous membranes, itchiness, edema, serum oozing from the skin, and liver damage (Clawson 1933). References:Clawson, A. B. 1933. The American groundsels species of Senecio as stock poisoning plants. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 28: 105-110. HorsesGeneral symptoms of poisoning:confusiondeath depression icterus restlessness weakness weight loss Notes on poisoning: Ingesting plant material caused a yellowish discoloration of mucous membranes, a sweet odor from the skin, depression, weakness, restless walking and, after 1 or 2 days, insensibility to objects and pushing against obstacles, urine discoloration, and death. All horses that showed definite symptoms died. Liver damage was apparent upon postmortem examination (Clawson 1933). References:Clawson, A. B. 1933. The American groundsels species of Senecio as stock poisoning plants. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 28: 105-110. Sheep
Information Source: ©Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System, Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility. Go to Harmful Chemicals Page
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